Intelligent agents are considered as significant means towards realizing the semantic web vision. On the Semantic Web, integrating ontologies and rules enables software agents to interoperate between them, however, this leads to a problem, that no studies have focused on effective distributed reasoning for integrating ontologies and rules in multiple knowledge-bases. The methods that have been presented for distributed reasoning not only get a lot of times and memory, but also do not lead to a complete and sound reasoning. In this paper, to solve this problem, we present a distributed reasoning system that deals with the representation of the knowledge-base of order sorted logic. This logic is able to describe the hierarchy of predicates and inheritance of expressions that there are in our natural language. To have a distributed reasoning, our proposed method uses the expansion of rigid and valid-non-rigid properties between knowledge-bases. Furthermore, with considering time and the situation of properties for reasoning, the non-rigid properties have not been ignored, in fact, in their valid time and situation, they are used. With this method, we achieve a complete reasoning and, moreover, the extracted knowledge is completely considered in the knowledge-bases and we have a distributed reasoning with high efficiency and sound without missing any information.

Background and Aim: Laboratories, on average, allocated for about 4 percent of Hospital's budget and are often considered the main focus of health care spending. There is a wide range of laboratory automation options available today that Designed to improve the quality and efficiency of laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to investigate The effect of Implementation of Automatic Stop order program on the management of the request and the cost of frequent and costly tests in Shahid Rajaei Educational and medical center. Research Methods: This research is analytical and comparative. In terms of time, the work is cross-sectional-longitudinal. After of data collection of before and after of Implementation of Automatic Stop order program, analysis was carried out with the SPSS 19&Excel softwares. Results: In order to establish the Auto Stop order program to control the amount of requests and the cost of frequent tests, first the number of requests and the total cost of tests in Shahid Rajaei Medical Training Center were examined and all the laboratory services requested in the hospital, 27 laboratory services were selected to apply in the Auto Stop order program. The total number of requests after the implementation of the Auto Stop order program decreased by 11% and 8100 laboratory services. Also, after the implementation of the Auto Stop order program on 27 costly tests, the cost of the tests was reduced by 16% and the amount was 445, 004, 725 Rials. Conclusion: Using the Auto Stop order program can lead to rational prescribing of tests according to clinical guidelines, reducing the cost of patients' and resource control, and saving hospital laboratory costs. Therefore, managers and policy makers of the health system should create a suitable platform to use this program as a way to reduce costs in the laboratories of public hospitals in the country.

This paper discusses the hazard rate order of the fail-safe systems arising from two sets of independent multiple-outlier scale distributed components. Under certain conditions on scale parameters in the scale model and the Submajorization order between the sample size vectors, the hazard rate ordering between the corresponding fail-safe systems from multipleoutlier scale random variables is established. Under certain conditions on the Archimedean copula and scale parameters, we also discuss the usual stochastic order of these systems with dependent components.

Introduction Fail-safe systems ((n 􀀀,1)-out-of-n Systems) are commonly used in many day-to-day applied structures. A fail-safe is a special design feature that will respond when a failure occurs so that no harm happens to the system itself. The brake system in a train is an excellent example of a fail-safe system in which the brakes are held in off-position by air pressure. If a brake line splits or a carriage becomes separated, the air pressure will be lost,in that case, the brakes will be applied by a local air reservoir. However, another classic example of a fail-safe system is an elevator in which brakes are held off brake pads by tension, and if the tension gets lost, the brakes latch on the rails in the shaft, thus preventing the elevator from falling off. There are many other such fail-safe systems in common use. Balakrishnan et al. (2015) established necessary and sufficient conditions for comparing two fail-safe systems with independent homogeneous exponential components in terms of mean residual life, dispersive, hazard rate and likelihood ratio orders. Their results specifically showed how an (n−, ١, )-out-of-n system consisting of heterogeneous components with exponential lifetimes could be compared with any (m−, ١, )-out-of-m system consisting of homogeneous components with exponential lifetimes. Similarly, Zhang et al. (2019) presented sufficient (and necessary) conditions on the lifetimes of components and their survival probabilities from random shocks for comparing the lifetimes of two fail-safe systems in terms of standard stochastic, hazard rate and likelihood ratio orders. Cai et al. (2017) compared the hazard rate order of second-order statistics arising from two sets of independent multiple-outlier proportional hazard rates (PHR) samples. Material and Methods The comparison of essential characteristics associated with lifetimes of technical systems is an exciting topic in reliability theory since it usually enables us to approximate complex systems with simpler systems and subsequently obtain various bounds for important agreeing characteristics of the complex system. A convenient tool for this purpose is the theory of stochastic orderings. Results and Discussion This paper discusses the hazard rate order of (n􀀀, 1)-out-of-n systems arising from two sets of independent multiple-outlier modified proportional hazard rates components. Under certain conditions on the parameters and the Submajorization order between the sample size vectors, the hazard rate order between the (n􀀀, 1)-out-of-n systems from multiple-outlier modified proportional hazard rates is established. Conclusion In this paper, we have presented sufficient conditions for the hazard rate order between fail-safe systems. It will be of great interest to generalize the current work from lifetimes of fail-safe systems to those of k-out-of-n. Another problem of interest will be to consider the setting of general systems with several subsystems having dependent components and extend the results established here to this general case. We are currently working on these problems and hope to report those findings in a future paper.

Background: Pterygium causes visual disturbance due to ocular surface irregularity. The convenient method to investigate this irregularity is measurement of ocular aberration. The aim of this study to investigate the impact of pterygium excision with conjunctival autograft together with corneal polishing on ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Methods: This study was performed on 34 patients with primary nasal pterygium who had an indication for surgical excision in November 2013. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination preoperatively and at the third postoperative months. Pterygium excision was performed by the same surgeon. Corneal topography and ocular higher-order aberration were measured by ITRACE. Results: Numerous parameters including mean value cylinder and spherical refractive error, visual acuity, root mean square values of total HOAs were found to be significantly improved at 3 month after pterygium surgery. There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean refractive cylinder (-6. 77 ± 1. 08 diopter (D) vs. 2. 25 ± 0. 34 diopter (D), respectively, P < 0. 0001). Log Mar best corrected visual acuity (0. 11± 0. 03) was significantly higher than preoperative values (0. 04± 0. 02)(p<0. 001). Preoperative mean refractive sphere was 4. 92± 0. 79 diopter (D) which was significantly higher than postoperative refractive sphere 0. 66± 0. 41 diopter (D) (P< 0. 0001). All parameters (Total, Lo total, Defocus, Astigmatism, Coma, Trefoil: P<0. 001 and Ho total: P=0. 001 and secondary: P=0. 04) except for total spherical aberration (P = 0. 38) were found to be lower when compared with the preoperative values. . None of the patient harbor against the rule astigmatism preoperatively and a significant scope of with the rule cases changed to oblique astigmatism at 3 month which statistically significant (P<0. 001). Conclusion: Pterygium excision can significantly improve visual acuity and most of the pterygium-induced HOAs.

In this paper, we study the categorical and algebraic properties, such as limits and colimits of the category Pos-S with respect to order dense embeddings. Injectivity with respect to this class of monomorphisms has been studied by the author and used to obtain information about injectivity relative to regular monomorphisms. Then, we study three di erent kinds of essentiality, usually used in literature, with respect to the class of all order dense embed-dings of S-posets, and investigate their relations to order dense injectivity. We will see, among other things, that although all of these essential extensions are not necessarily equivalent, they behave equivalently with respect to order dense injectivity. More precisely, it is proved that order dense injectivity well behaves regarding these essentialities. Finally, a characterization of these essentialities over pogroups is given.

We use two recent codings of binary trees by integer sequences called P-sequences and Ballot-sequences in order to generate binary trees in B-order and Ballot-order. These algorithms generate; each sequence in constant average time O(1). The ranking and unranking algorithms for both sequences with O (n2) time complexity are described

A B S T R A C T The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Both library and field methods have collected the information required for this research. The statistical population of the research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size according to the Cochran formula was 364. The study results of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among the investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had the lowest connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes, and the highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with increase of sociability. Among the other results of this research, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient among the investigated components. In the first place, the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, the multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in the third place, the security component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in the fourth place and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the   theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In the public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, the issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost the social life of citizens by strengthening social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. The residential environment conveys the residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to the different arrangements of the blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of the public space in it, which, according to the way they are arranged, have different potentials from the point of view of sociability in them. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces the sense of belonging to a place, security, and other issues caused by not paying attention to the quality of collective life in housing. The main question is: - What are the components of the spatial structure affecting the sociability of residential complexes in the city of Kermanshah?   Methodology The current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 364 people using the Cochran formula. Factors such as the ease of access to the complexes, the willingness and cooperation of the residents and the management of the complexes were also influential in selecting the samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate the sociability of residential complexes based on the theoretical framework prepared in the present research, the physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of The studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including the playground, gathering space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze the data.   Results and discussion In this research, the relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as the basis of the research case. Among the samples studied, Rahan residential complex has the lowest connectivity index compared to other complexes; the largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of the spaces and accesses in the Rahan complex is very weak and lower than the rest of the complexes. According to the numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at the same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have the best performance in this aspect; the placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability. Among the investigated sociability components, the spatial order component with the path coefficient value of 0.368 has the highest path coefficient. In the first place the playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in the second place, and the multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In the third place, the security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in the fourth place, and the environmental comfort component is in the fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in the common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with others comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near the door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of the window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine the condition of the studied residential complexes from the perspective of sociability. The results showed that Rahan residential complex had the lowest level of connectivity index compared to the rest of the complexes and the largest share of this. The comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In the meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, then Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have the lowest to the highest amount. It can be seen that the public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have the desired level of connectivity. As the communication increases, the spaces will become more sociable. From the comparison of the complexes based on the interconnection index, we conclude that the location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to the rest of the complexes, the location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that the increase of connection in public spaces occurs with the increase of sociability.